Abstract Purpose Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS), which is emerged in Wuhan, and recently become worldwide …

Inflammation is a biological response of the immune system that can be triggered by a
variety of factors, including pathogens, damaged cells and toxic compounds. These factors …

During respiration, humans breathe in more than 10,000 liters of non-sterile air daily,
allowing some pathogens access to alveoli. Interestingly, alveoli outnumber alveolar …

Trauma can affect any individual at any location and at any time over a lifespan. The
disruption of macrobarriers and microbarriers induces instant activation of innate immunity …

Background: On the 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was
informed of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin detected in Wuhan City …

Practitioners of ancient societies from the time of Hippocrates and earlier recognized and
treated the signs of inflammation, heat, redness, swelling, and pain with agents that block or …

The human eosinophil has long been thought to favorably influence innate mucosal
immunity but at times has also been incriminated in disease pathophysiology. Research into …

Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is characterized by
uncontrolled progressive lung inflammation. Macrophages serve a key role in the …

Inflammation is the principal response invoked by the body to address injuries. Despite
inflammation constituting a crucial component of tissue repair, it is well known that …

The acute inflammatory response is host-protective to contain foreign invaders. Many of
today's pharmacopeia that block pro-inflammatory chemical mediators can cause serious …