Background There is a global obesity crisis, particularly among women and disadvantaged
populations. Early-life intervention to prevent childhood obesity is a priority for public health …

As the very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) gains increased interest as a therapeutic
approach for many diseases, little is known about its therapeutic use in childhood obesity …

Obesity is in theory defined on the basis of the excess health risk caused by adiposity
exceeding the size normally found in the population, but for practical reasons, the World …

Unlike the bacterial microbiome, the role of early-life gut fungi in host metabolism and
childhood obesity development remains poorly characterized. To address this, we …

Objectives To study the association between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and
the child's weight gain and overweight risk up to 8 years. Design Prospective nationwide …

Background The gut microbiota has been associated with overweight and obesity in adults,
but the evidence in children is limited. Our aim was to study whether composition of the gut …

Studies in mice suggest that early life represents a critical time window, where antibiotics
may exert profound and lasting effects on the gut microbiota and metabolism. We aimed to …

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with numerous obstetrical, fetal, and
developmental complications, as well as an increased risk of adverse health consequences …

High maternal body mass index (BMI) and smoking during pregnancy are risk factors for
child overweight. Maternal smoking tends to reduce her BMI and the association of smoking …

Background The prevalence of obesity in US children has more than tripled in the past 40
years; hence, it is critical to identify potentially modifiable factors that may mitigate the risk …