For more than 3.5 billion years, life experienced dramatic environmental extremes on Earth.
These include shifts from oxygen-less to overoxygenated atmospheres and cycling between …

Plants constitute the foundation of sustainable environmental systems and human health.
However, the limitations of solar radiation and the increased challenges of plant cultivation …

Acaryochloris marina is a unique cyanobacterium using chlorophyll d (Chl d) as its major
pigment and thus can use far-red light for photosynthesis. Photosystem II (PSII) of A. marina …

Photosynthesis–the conversion of energy from sunlight into chemical energy–is essential for
life on Earth. Yet there is much we do not understand about photosynthetic energy …

Introduction Cyanobacteria appeared in the anoxic Archean Earth, evolving for the first time
oxygenic photosynthesis and deeply changing the atmosphere by introducing oxygen …

At room temperature and neutral pH, the oxygen-evolving center (OEC) of photosystem II
(PSII) catalyzes water oxidation. During this process, oxygen is released from the OEC …

Plant height is an important agronomic trait associated with plant architecture and grain yield
in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we report the identification of quantitative trait loci …

Understanding how water ligands regulate the conformational changes and functionality of
the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in photosystem II (PSII) throughout the catalytic cycle of …

Chloroplasts are the result of endosymbiosis of cyanobacterial organisms with proto‐
eukaryotes. The psbA, psbD and psbO genes are present in all oxyphototrophs and encode …

Cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of algae and plants harbor specialized thylakoid
membranes that convert sunlight into chemical energy. These membranes house …