Fish is considered to be an important model in comparative immunology studies because it
is a representative population of lower vertebrates serving as an essential link to early …

Developing efficient and safe adjuvants for use in human vaccines remains both a challenge
and a necessity. Past approaches have been largely empirical and generally used a single …

Administration of a chemical or biological compound to a human being is never without risk.
Although knowledge about risks increases during the development process, risks are still …

Despite recent technological advances in vaccine production, most the vaccines depend on
the association with adjuvant substances. This work evaluated the adjuvant capacity of an …

Human neutrophil peptide α-defensins and human β-defensins are small, well-characterized
peptides with broad antimicrobial activities. In mixtures with microbial antigens, defensins …

Nasal vaccination is a promising alternative to classical parental vaccination, as it is non-
invasive and, in principle, capable of eliciting strong systemic and local immune responses …

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) causes many severe diseases, including epiglottitis,
pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. In developed countries, the annual incidence of …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has a
long-history for treatment of various human diseases including tumors, infection …

This review will discuss some of the recent advances in discovering immune genes in fish, in
terms of their relevance to vaccine design and development. Particular emphasis will be …

Vaccination is the most appropriate way to control pathogens that threaten the global
aquaculture industry. Unfortunately, vaccines generally do not provide satisfactory immune …