Chitin, as the main component of the exoskeleton of Arthropoda, is a highly available natural
polymer that can be processed into various value-added products. Its most important …

Malnutrition is an important issue in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)
including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). It is caused by altered digestion …

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are immune disorders whose incidence and prevalence are
increasing year by year. AIDs are produced by the immune system's misidentification of self …

As double membrane‐encapsulated nanovesicles (30‐150 nm), exosomes (Exos) shuttle
between different cells to mediate intercellular communication and transport active cargoes …

Background The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is distributed throughout the
gastrointestinal tract, and its activation has been shown to promote intestinal homeostasis …

Synthetic glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory drugs but serious side effects such as
bone mobilization, muscle mass loss, immunosuppression, and metabolic alterations make …

Background Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with a substantial healthcare burden that
affects the patient, healthcare systems and society in general. Aim To provide a systematic …

Since the introduction of biological therapy, endoscopic and histological remission, ie
mucosal healing, has become an important therapeutic goal in Crohn's Disease and …

Highlights•TNFα biosynthesis, TNF receptors, and signaling.•Neurotoxicity of TNFα in the
brain.•TNFα receptor signaling-related neuron death and neuroprotection.•TNF receptors …

BACKGROUND: In vitro testing is commonly used to diagnose and manage allergies.
Clinical reactivity has been correlated with food-specific IgE levels by using the ImmunoCAP …