Heartworm disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis is a vector-borne disease that affects
canids and felids, both domestic and wild, throughout the world. It is a chronic disease which …

Despite the eradication of malaria across most European countries in the 1960s and 1970s,
the anopheline vectors are still present. Most of the malaria cases that have been reported in …

Background Wolbachia is an obligate intracellular maternally transmitted, gram-negative
bacterium which forms a spectrum of endosymbiotic relationships from parasitism to …

Background West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are emerging arthropod-borne
viruses (arboviruses) in Europe transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. In Belgium, it is currently …

Wolbachia is an endosymbiotic bacterium that naturally infects several arthropods and
nematode species. Wolbachia gained particular attention due to its impact on their host …

Abstract Culex (Barraudius) modestus (Ficalbi 1889) are found in temperate regions across
Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa. These mosquitoes thrive during the summer and prefer to …

Dirofilaria repens is an expanding vector-borne zoonotic parasite of canines and other
carnivores. Sub-clinically infected dogs constitute the most important reservoir of the …

Abstract Background Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens are the main causative agents
of heartworm disease and subcutaneous dirofilariasis in domestic and wild canids …

Background Dirofilaria immitis is a mosquito-borne filarial nematode, which infects primarily
wild and domestic canids, causing cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis. The aim of the present …

Background Wolbachia are intracellular bacterial endosymbionts found in most insect
lineages. In mosquitoes, the influence of these endosymbionts on host reproduction and …