Diabetes profoundly alters fuel metabolism; both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance
are characterized by inefficient mitochondrial coupling and excessive production of reactive …

Insulin controls nutrient and metabolic homeostasis via the IRS–PI3K–AKT signaling
cascade that targets FOXO1 and mTOR. Mitochondria, as the prime metabolic platform …

It is widely recognized that obesity and associated metabolic changes are considered a risk
factor to age-associated cognitive decline. Inflammation and increased oxidative stress in …

Glucose metabolism in humans is tightly controlled by the activity of glucokinase (GCK).
GCK is predominantly produced in the pancreas, where it catalyzes the rate-limiting step of …

Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease are common chronic illnesses in the United States and
lack clearly demonstrated therapeutics. Mitochondria, the “powerhouse of the cell”, is …

MODY8 (maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 8) is a dominantly inherited monogenic
form of diabetes associated with mutations in the carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) gene …

“Relative hypoglycemia” is an often-overlooked complication of diabetes characterized by
an increase in the glycemic threshold for detecting and responding to hypoglycemia. The …

Significance: Type 2 diabetes development involves multiple changes in β-cells, related to
the oxidative stress and impaired redox signaling, beginning frequently by sustained …

Cells have evolved a highly integrated network of mechanisms to coordinate cellular
survival/death, proliferation, differentiation, and repair with metabolic states. It is therefore …

Elevated circulating levels of saturated free fatty acids (sFFAs; eg palmitate) are known to
provoke inflammatory responses and cause insulin resistance in peripheral tissue. By …