This paper is the thirty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2012 …

It is generally believed that NMDA receptor antagonism accounts for most of the anesthetic
and analgesic effects of ketamine, however, it interacts at multiple sites in the central …

Incarvillea sinensis is a Bignoniaceae plant used to treat rheumatism and relieve pain in
traditional Chinese medicine. As a major component of I. sinensis, incarvillateine has shown …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Coffea arabica is commonly known for its cardiotonic and
neurotonic activities, but in some places' folk medicine, like in Arabia and Africa, C. arabica …

The participation of endocannabinoids in central and peripheral antinociception induced by
several compounds has been shown by our group. In this study, we investigated the effect of …

Endogenous opioids have been implicated in compound-induced antinociception, and our
group previously suggested that xylazine induces peripheral antinociception by releasing …

摘要利用阿片类药物治疗各种疼痛已被广泛研究, 但如何避免其产生的副作用依然是疼痛治疗
研究中的难点. 而外周阿片系统的研究发现为阿片类药物的外周镇痛机制研究开辟了新的领域 …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting
1% of the world population age 65 and older. 1, 2 The number of individuals afflicted by PD …

Background Kahweol is a diterpene present in the oil derived from coffee beans. Although
several pharmacological activities of kahweol are already well described in the literature, no …

Plants belonging to the genus Maytenus are routinely used in folk medicine for the treatment
of pain diseases. Our previous phytochemical study of the roots of Maytenus imbricata …