Genomes have complex three-dimensional architectures. The recent convergence of
genetic, biochemical, biophysical, and cell biological methods has uncovered several …

Understanding how chromatin is folded in the nucleus is fundamental to understanding its
function. Although 3D genome organization has been historically difficult to study owing to a …

Gene regulation requires the dynamic coordination of hundreds of regulatory factors at
precise genomic and RNA targets. Although many regulatory factors have specific affinity for …

Identifying the relationships between chromosome structures, nuclear bodies, chromatin
states and gene expression is an overarching goal of nuclear-organization studies …

Determining how chromosomes are positioned and folded within the nucleus is critical to
understanding the role of chromatin topology in gene regulation. Several methods are …

Precise patterns of gene expression in metazoans are controlled by three classes of
regulatory elements: promoters, enhancers and boundary elements. During differentiation …

The synthesis of pre-mRNA by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) involves the formation of a
transcription initiation complex, and a transition to an elongation complex,,–. The large …

The DNA damage response is essential to safeguard genome integrity. Although the
contribution of chromatin in DNA repair has been investigated,, the contribution of …

Spatial mapping of proteins in tissues is hindered by limitations in multiplexing, sensitivity
and throughput. Here we report immunostaining with signal amplification by exchange …

The four-dimensional nucleome (4DN) consortium studies the architecture of the genome
and the nucleus in space and time. We summarize progress by the consortium and highlight …