The airborne droplet route has been recognized as the main pathway of infection
transmission in indoor environments, drawing the attention to a proper design of Heating …

In the operating room (OR), ventilation and thermal plumes can affect the distribution of
bacteria-carrying particles (BCPs). Especially in the operating microenvironment, the …

Car cabin micro-environment represents a potential hotspot for transmission of respiratory
infections related to possible high concentration levels of viruses and bacteria and to …

During surgery, the release of bacterial-carrying particles (BCPs) by surgeons is one of the
major pollution sources in operating rooms (ORs), which may cause surgical site infection …

Abstract The Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system in an Operating
Room (OR) has two main functions: evacuate contaminants to guarantee an elevated Indoor …

The main role of Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in Operating Rooms
(ORs) is to ensure the desired thermo-hygrometric conditions and indoor air quality …

The spread of respiratory infectious diseases in close proximity environments due to poor
indoor air quality not only adds to the unease that exists globally, but it also presents a …

The airborne droplets released by humans while speaking or coughing are the main
sources of human-to-human contagion for airborne transmissible diseases. Due to the …

The air exchange rate (AER), defined as the number of times the air is fully replaced per
hour in an indoor space, is an important parameter affecting indoor air quality (IAQ). Hospital …

Carbon dioxide (CO2) can reduce cognitive abilities at higher concentrations. CO2 can be
used as a proxy for gas transport in an indoor environment and as an index to determine …