The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is the primary regulatory
module of various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and stress …

Rewiring of host cytokine networks is a key feature of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)
such as Crohn's disease (CD). Th1-type cytokines—IFN-γ and TNF-α—occupy critical nodes …

Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumours affecting their biology and response to
therapy. One of the main transcription factors activated by hypoxia is hypoxia-inducible …

A series of 2-phenylthiazole analogues were designed and synthesized as potential histone
deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors based on compound 12c (an HDAC6/tubulin dual inhibitor …

Background & Aims Although small patient subsets benefit from current targeted strategies
or immunotherapy, gemcitabine remains the first-line drug for pancreatic cancer (PC) …

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a tumor of the digestive system, is characterized by high
malignancy and poor prognosis. Currently, targeted therapy of CRC is far away from …

Objective The contribution of activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α) in rheumatoid arthritis
(RA) pathogenesis, especially on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), has been suggested …

Precision oncology is the ultimate goal of cancer treatment, ie, to treat cancer and only
cancer, leaving all the remaining cells and tissues as intact as possible. Classical …

Ubiquitination, a pivotal posttranslational modification of proteins, plays a fundamental role
in regulating protein stability. The dysregulation of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating …

Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), defined by the presence of baculovirus IAP repeat
(BIR) protein domain, are critical regulators of cell survival and cell death processes …