Abstract Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 belongs to the TLR family of receptors inducing pro-
inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide …

Neutrophils are critical to innate immunity, including host defense against bacterial and
fungal infections. They achieve their host defense role by phagocytosing pathogens …

Macrophages perform diverse functions within tissues during immune responses to
pathogens and injury, but molecular mechanisms by which physical properties of the tissue …

The study of innate immunity and its link to inflammation and host defense encompasses
diverse areas of biology, ranging from genetics and biophysics to signal transduction and …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have successfully treated hematological
malignancies. Macrophages have also gained attention as an immunotherapy owing to their …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a crucial constituent of the outer membrane of most Gram-
negative bacteria, playing a fundamental role in the protection of bacteria from …

TLR4 signaling plays key roles in the innate immune response to microbial infection. Innate
immune cells encounter different mechanical cues in both health and disease to adapt their …

Changes in metabolism of macrophages are required to sustain macrophage activation in
response to different stimuli. We showed that the cytokine TGF-β (transforming growth factor …

Despite the widespread observations on the osteogenic effects of magnesium ion (Mg2+),
the diverse roles of Mg2+ during bone healing have not been systematically dissected …

The transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) is a ubiquitously
expressed chanzyme that possesses an ion channel permeable to the divalent cations …