With ever-growing data availability and computational power at our disposal, we now have
the capacity to use process-explicit models more widely to reveal the ecological and …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Using synthetic biology, it is now time to expand the biosynthetic repertoire of plants and
microalgae by utilizing the chloroplast to augment the production of desired high-value …

Global vegetation over the past 18,000 years has been transformed first by the climate
changes that accompanied the last deglaciation and again by increasing human pressures; …

Although one-quarter of plant and vertebrate species are threatened with extinction, little is
known about the potential effect of extinctions on the global diversity of ecological strategies …

Expanding the global protected area network is critical for addressing biodiversity declines
and the climate crisis. However, how climate change will affect ecosystem representation …

Ecosystem transformation is emerging as a global threat under climate change (–).
Conversion of conifer forest to shrubland, steppe, and other ecosystems is underway from …

Recent extreme wildfire seasons in several regions have been associated with exceptionally
hot, dry conditions, made more probable by climate change. Much research has focused on …

Paleontology has provided invaluable basic knowledge on the history of life on Earth. The
discipline can also provide substantial knowledge to societal challenges such as climate …

As Earth's climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past
climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change …