In this paper we prove an elementary lemma which estimates fractional derivatives of
Volterra-type Lyapunov functions in the sense Caputo when α∈(0, 1). Moreover, by using …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are
two retroviruses that attack the immune cells and impair their functions. Both HIV and HTLV-I …

In this paper, we propose an improved human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 infection model
with mitotic division of actively infected cells and delayed cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune …

In the literature, a great number of HIV and HTLV-I mono-infection models has been
formulated and analyzed. However, the within-host dynamics of HIV/HTLV-I co-infection has …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are
two retroviruses that attack the CD4^+ CD4+ T cells and impair their functions. Both HIV and …

Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are
two famous retroviruses that share similarities in their genomic organization, and differ in …

In this paper, we formulate a within‐host dynamics model for HIV/HTLV‐I co‐infection under
the influence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The model incorporates silent HIV‐infected …

This paper presents two HIV/HTLV co-infection models with antibody immune response. The
first model is given by 5-dimensional ODEs that describe the within–host interactions of five …

In the literature, several mathematical models have been formulated and developed to
describe the within-host dynamics of either human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or human T …

This paper proposes a stochastic HIV/HTLV-I co-infection model incorporating the AIDS-
related cancer cells and investigates its dynamical behaviours. The main methods are …