Background Although great achievements have been made in the field of cancer therapy,
chemotherapy and radiotherapy remain the mainstay cancer therapeutic modalities …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by living organisms as a result of normal
cellular metabolism and environmental factors, such as air pollutants or cigarette smoke …

With the increasing incidence of thoracic tumors, radiation therapy (RT) has become an
important component of comprehensive treatment. RT improves survival in many cancers …

Radiotherapy is used to treat approximately 50% of all cancer patients, with varying success.
The dose of ionizing radiation that can be given to the tumour is determined by the sensitivity …

Approximately 50% of all patients with cancer receive radiation therapy at some point during
the course of their treatment, and the majority of these patients are treated with curative …

Radiotherapy (RT) is a major treatment for malignant tumors. The latest data show that>
70% of patients with malignant tumors need RT at different periods. Skin changes can be …

Growth factors and mitogens use the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade to transmit
signals from their receptors to regulate gene expression and prevent apoptosis. Some …

Cells are continuously exposed to a variety of environmental stresses and have to decide 'to
be or not to be'depending on the types and strength of stress. Among the many signaling …

Radiotherapy (RT) is currently one of the leading treatments for various cancers; however, it
may cause damage to healthy tissue, with both short-term and long-term side effects. Severe …

An abundance of scientific literature exists demonstrating that oxidative stress influences the
MAPK signaling pathways. This review summarizes these findings for the ERK, JNK, p38 …