The erector spinae plane (ESP) block is an emerging regional anesthetic technique with
significant potential for clinical benefit. Nevertheless, its exact mechanism (s) of action has …

Background Fascial plane blocks (FPBs) target the space between two fasciae, rather than
discrete peripheral nerves. Despite their popularity, their mechanisms of action remain …

Intravenous lidocaine is used widely for its effect on postoperative pain and recovery but it
can be, and has been, fatal when used inappropriately and incorrectly. The risk‐benefit ratio …

Effective prevention of chronic postoperative pain is an important clinical goal, informed by a
growing body of studies. Peri‐operative regional anaesthesia remains one of the most …

In the design of greener chemicals, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are considered as one of
the most versatile alternative media with widespread applications. DESs have the …

Local anaesthetic agents suppress action potentials in excitable tissues by blocking voltage-
gated Na+ channels. In doing so, they inhibit action potentials in nociceptive fibres and so …

Neuropathic pain, caused by a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system, affects
between 3 and 17% of the general population. The treatment of neuropathic pain is …

The small molecule anticancer agent cisplatin and its Pt (II) analogs carboplatin and
oxaliplatin are widely used to treat a variety of tumorigenic diseases. Despite their structural …

Lidocaine is an amide-class local anesthetic used clinically to inhibit pain sensations.
Systemic administration of lidocaine has antinociceptive, antiarrhythmic, anti-inflammatory …

Topical lidocaine is widely used in current practice for a variety of pain conditions. This
literature review shows that its limited absorption and relative lack of systemic adverse …