Complex interactions between the immune system and tumor cells exist throughout the
initiation and development of cancer. Although the immune system eliminates malignantly …

Lipid metabolic reprogramming is an emerging hallmark of cancer. In order to sustain
uncontrolled proliferation and survive in unfavorable environments that lack oxygen and …

As tumors grow, they upregulate glycolytic and oxidative metabolism to support their
increased and altered energetic demands. These metabolic changes have major effects on …

Atherosclerotic arterial plaques and malignant solid tumors contain macrophages, which
participate in anaerobic metabolism, acidosis, and inflammatory processes inherent in the …

Radiation is frequently administered for cancer treatment, but resistance or remission
remains common. Cancer cells alter their metabolism after radiotherapy to reduce its …

Immunotherapy is an effective treatment option that revolutionizes the management of
various cancers. Nevertheless, only a subset of patients receiving immunotherapy exhibit …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) has become a major research focus in recent years. The
TME differs from the normal extracellular environment in parameters such as nutrient supply …

Immunotherapy has brought a paradigm shift in the treatment of tumors in recent decades.
However, a significant proportion of patients remain unresponsive, largely due to the …

Macrophages are main players of the innate immune system. They show great
heterogeneity and play diverse functions that include support to development, sustenance of …

Rewiring metabolism to sustain cell growth, division, and survival is the most prominent
feature of cancer cells. In particular, dysregulated lipid metabolism in cancer has received …