The extracellular matrix (ECM) is dynamically tuned to optimize physiological function. Its
major properties, including composition and mechanics, profoundly influence cell biology …

Interleukins, a group of cytokines participating in inflammation and immune response, are
proved to be involved in the formation and development of pulmonary fibrosis. In this article …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease. Recent studies have
identified the key role of crosstalk between dysregulated epithelial cells, mesenchymal …

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and fatal lung disease that significantly impacts the aging
population globally. To date, anti-fibrotic, immunosuppressive, and other adjunct therapy …

Heart failure (HF) is a global medical problem that characterizes poor prognosis and high
economic burden for the health system and family of the HF patients. Although modern …

The immune system is receiving increasing attention for interstitial lung diseases, as
knowledge on its role in fibrosis development and response to therapies is expanding …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown origin
that usually results in death from secondary respiratory failure within 2–5 years of diagnosis …

Hypoxia is a sentinel feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The IPF
microenvironment contains high lactate levels, and hypoxia enhances cellular lactate …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease with unknown etiological factors
that can progress to other dangerous diseases like lung cancer. Environmental and genetic …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by an aberrant repair response with
uncontrolled turnover of extracellular matrix involving mesenchymal cell phenotypes, where …