Immune systems are of pivotal importance to any living organism on Earth, as they protect
the organism against deleterious effects of viral infections. Though the current knowledge …

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on human
health, economic well-being, and societal function. It is essential that we use this …

Bats, rodents, and shrews are the most important animal sources of human infectious
diseases. However, the evolution and transmission of viruses among them remain largely …

The emergence of previously unknown disease-causing viruses in mammals is in part the
result of a long-term evolutionary process. Reconstructing the deep phylogenetic histories of …

RNA viruses are abundant and highly diverse and infect all or most eukaryotic organisms.
However, only a tiny fraction of the number and diversity of RNA virus species have been …

The transmission of viruses between different host species is a major source of emerging
diseases and is of particular concern in the case of zoonotic transmission from mammals to …

Adaptive radiations are generated through a complex interplay of biotic and abiotic factors.
Although adaptive radiations have been widely studied in the context of animal and plant …

A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the development
of neurodegenerative diseases via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. As a contributing factor …

Brine shrimp (Artemia) has existed on Earth for 400 million years and has major ecological
importance in hypersaline ecosystems. As a crucial live food in aquaculture, brine shrimp …

Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) allows the evaluation of complex
microbial communities, avoiding isolation and cultivation of each microbial species, and …