Background: Anecdotal evidence suggests that the sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic
test may vary with disease prevalence. Our objective was to investigate the associations …

More and more systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies are being published,
but they can be methodologically challenging. In this paper, the authors present some of the …

Background: Studies with methodologic shortcomings can overestimate the accuracy of a
medical test. We sought to determine and compare the direction and magnitude of the …

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most commonly diagnosed bacterial infections of
childhood. Although frequently encountered and well researched, diagnosis and …

Rapid urine tests, such as microscopy, for bacteria and white cells, and dipsticks, for
leucocyte esterase and nitrites, are often used in children that are unwell to guide early …

Acute urinary tract infections are relatively common in children, with 8 percent of girls and 2
percent of boys having at least one episode by seven years of age. The most common …

Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common sources of infection in
children under five. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is important to reduce the risk of renal …

Pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of presentation to health care
providers and is an area of concern for parents and clinicians alike. There is a broad …

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are commonly seen in the emergency department
(ED) and pose several challenges to establishing the proper diagnosis and determining …

Up to 7 percent of girls and 2 percent of boys will have a symptomatic, culture-confirmed
urinary tract infection by six years of age. Urinary tract infection may be suspected because …