Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of multiple
sclerosis (MS), but their precise roles are unclear. In this Review, we provide an overview of …

B cells are essential components of the adaptive immune system and have important roles
in the pathogenesis of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Besides producing …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogenous autoimmune disease in which autoreactive
lymphocytes attack the myelin sheath of the central nervous system. B lymphocytes in the …

There is growing recognition that B cell contributions to normal immune responses extend
well beyond their potential to become antibody-producing cells, including roles at the innate …

Meningeal inflammation in the form of ectopic lymphoid-like structures has been suggested
to play a prominent role in the development of cerebral cortical grey matter pathology in …

Abstract Treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) is challenging: disease-modifying treatments
(DMTs) must both limit unwanted immune responses associated with disease initiation and …

Background There is increasing evidence that B lymphocytes are involved in the
pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, and they may be a therapeutic target. Rituximab, a …

Autoreactive T cell responses have a crucial role in central nervous system (CNS) diseases
such as multiple sclerosis. Recent data indicate that CNS autoimmunity can be mediated by …

Intrathecal antibody production is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis and humoral immunity is
thought to play an important role in the inflammatory response and development of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by synthesis of oligoclonal immunoglobulins and the
presence of B‐cell clonal expansions in the central nervous system (CNS). Because ectopic …