Both finite element models and multi-body models of human head-neck complex had been
widely used in neck injuries analysis, as the former could be used to generate detailed …

Study Design. Computer modeling and parametric analysis were used to determine the
effect of reflex contraction of the neck muscles in the unaware occupant in whiplash …

A finite element model development of a 50th percentile male cervical spine is presented in
this paper. The model consists of rigid, geometrically accurate vertebrae held together with …

This paper presents the development and validation of a 50th percentile male multi-body
head-and-neck model, aimed primarily at analysing rear impact and the resulting whiplash …

1.1. 2 Brain......... 1.1. 3 Meninges and CSF. 1.2 Epidemiology of head injury 1.2. 1 Head
injury incidence. 1.3 Literature survey....... 1.3. 1 Numerical models... 1.3. 2 Generation of …

Muscle activation plays an important role in head–neck dynamic response in vehicle
accidents, especially in low speed impacts. The aim of the present study was to analyze the …

This is a summary of a paper which first appeared in the International Journal of
Crashworthiness· under the title:" Side Impact Protection-Occupants in the Far-Side Seat" …

Introduction Strains and sprains of soft tissues, including tendons and ligaments, are
frequently occurring injuries. Musculoskeletal models show great promise in prediction and …

The cervical spine is one of the most complex structures in the human skeleton and its
behaviour during impact is still poorly understood. Therefore, there is a need for further …