Cancer-specific T cells are required for effective anti-cancer immunity and have a central
role in cancer immunotherapy. However, emerging evidence suggests that only a small …

Targeting immune checkpoints such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1),
programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) has …

For many solid malignancies, lymph node (LN) involvement represents a harbinger of
distant metastatic disease and, therefore, an important prognostic factor. Beyond its utility as …

The accepted paradigm for both cellular and anti-tumor immunity relies upon tumor cell
killing by CD8+ T cells recognizing cognate antigens presented in the context of target cell …

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the
immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical …

From a technical point of view a flow cytometer is a light detection device capable of
detecting photons of different wavelengths over a high dynamic range. In order to achieve a …

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that are critical to the body's antitumor and
antimetastatic defense. As such, novel therapies are being developed to utilize NK cells as …

During microbial infection, pre-existing memory CD8+ T cells that are not specific for the
infecting pathogens can be activated by cytokines without cognate antigens, termed …

Normal aging is accompanied by escalating systemic inflammation. Yet the potential impact
of immune homeostasis on neurogenesis and cognitive decline during brain aging have not …

The multifaceted organization of the immune system involves not only patrolling
lymphocytes that constantly monitor antigen-presenting cells in secondary lymphoid organs …