Traditional cancer therapeutics, such as chemotherapies, are often limited by their non-
specific nature, causing harm to non-malignant tissues. Over the past several decades …

Liposomes are now considered the most commonly used nanocarriers for various potentially
active hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules due to their high biocompatibility …

In the last four decades, nanotechnology has gained momentum with no sign of slowing
down. The application of inventions or products from nanotechnology has revolutionised all …

RNA-based gene therapy requires therapeutic RNA to function inside target cells without
eliciting unwanted immune responses. RNA can be ferried into cells using non-viral drug …

Neurodegenerative disorders are primarily characterized by neuron loss. The most common
neurodegenerative disorders include Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Although there …

Over the past few years, nanotechnology has been attracting considerable research
attention because of their outstanding mechanical, electromagnetic and optical properties …

Liposomes are essentially a subtype of nanoparticles comprising a hydrophobic tail and a
hydrophilic head constituting a phospholipid membrane. The spherical or multilayered …

Polyethylene glycol or PEG has a long history of use in medicine. Many conventional
formulations utilize PEG as either an active ingredient or an excipient. PEG found its use in …

Over the past three decades, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has
been considered the basis of tumor-targeted drug delivery. Various cancer nanomedicines …

Abstract mRNA vaccines have emerged as a revolutionary tool to generate rapid and
precise immune responses against infectious diseases and cancers. Compared with …