Endocytosis is a critical step in the process by which many therapeutic nanomedicines reach
their intracellular targets. Our understanding of cellular uptake mechanisms has developed …

Nanoparticle science is rapidly changing the landscape of various scientific fields and
defining new technological platforms. This is perhaps even more evident in the field of …

The restrictive nature of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) creates a major challenge for brain
drug delivery with current nanomedicines lacking the ability to cross the BBB. Extracellular …

Nanoscale materials are increasingly found in consumer goods, electronics, and
pharmaceuticals. While these particles interact with the body in myriad ways, their beneficial …

Oligonucleotides (ONs) comprise a rapidly growing class of therapeutics. In recent years, the
list of FDA-approved ON therapies has rapidly expanded. ONs are small (15–30 bp) …

Stereochemistry can alter small-molecule pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy. However, it
is unclear whether the stereochemistry of a single compound within a multicomponent …

Spermatogenesis is the cellular process by which spermatogonia develop into mature
spermatids within seminiferous tubules, the functional unit of the mammalian testis, under …

The early endosome (EE), also known as the sorting endosome (SE) is a crucial station for
the sorting of cargoes, such as receptors and lipids, through the endocytic pathways. The …

Rab7 is a small GTPase that belongs to the Rab family and controls transport to late
endocytic compartments such as late endosomes and lysosomes. The mechanism of action …

Upon entering the biological milieu, nanomedicines swiftly interact with the surrounding
tissue fluid, subsequently being enveloped by a dynamic interplay of biomacromolecules …