The outer retina is nourished from the choroid, a capillary bed just inside the sclera. O2,
glucose, and other nutrients diffuse out of the choroid and then filter through a monolayer of …

Acquired and inherited retinal disorders are responsible for vision loss in an increasing
proportion of individuals worldwide. Photoreceptor (PR) death is central to the vision loss …

Aerobic glycolysis accounts for∼ 80%–90% of glucose used by adult photoreceptors (PRs);
yet, the importance of aerobic glycolysis for PR function or survival remains unclear. Here …

One hundred years ago, Otto Heinrich Warburg observed that postmitotic retinal cells are the
highest oxygen-consuming cells in the body. He compared these cells to actively growing …

Photoreceptors (PRs), as the most abundant and light-sensing cells of the neuroretina, are
responsible for converting light into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. PR …

Various retinal degenerative disorders manifest in alterations of the AKT/mTOR axis. Despite
this, consensus on the therapeutic targeting of mTOR in degenerating retinas has not yet …

Photoreceptors, the primary site of phototransduction in the retina, require energy and
metabolites to constantly renew their outer segments. They preferentially consume most …

Abstract Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a glycolytic enzyme that is expressed in cancer cells.
Its role in tumor metabolism is not definitively established, but investigators have suggested …

The postmitotic retina is highly metabolic and the photoreceptors depend on aerobic
glycolysis for an energy source and cellular anabolic activities. Lactate dehydrogenase A …

The neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) maintain a symbiotic metabolic
relationship, disruption of which leads to debilitating vision loss. The current study was …