Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition characterized by abnormal signaling within the
nervous system, resulting in persistent and often intense sensations of pain. It can arise from …

Since the late 1970s, there has been an alarming increase in the incidence of asthma and
its morbidity and mortality. Acute obstruction and inflammation of allergic asthmatic airways …

Innovation of cancer therapy has received a dramatic acceleration over the last fifteen years
thanks to the introduction of the novel immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). On the other hand …

Background Xiaoyaosan is gradually gaining acceptance and recognition within the
international scientific community. However, it still lacks appropriate methodological and …

The function of almost all cells of the human and animal body is synchronized by purinergic/
pyrimidinergic extracellular signaling molecules. This network activity is especially efficient …

Patients with epilepsy require improved medications. Purinergic receptors were identified as
late as 1976 and are slowly emerging as potential drug targets for the discovery of …

Chronic neuropathic pain can severely impact people's quality of life, influencing their mood,
activities of daily living, sleep, and cognition. In comparison to the general population …

Drug receptor interactions form the bedrock of pharmacology and underlies the foundation
of therapeutic management and interventions in contemporary medicine. This chapter gives …

Abstract Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is found in every cell of the body where it plays a
critical role in cellular metabolism and energetics. ATP is released from cells under …

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition characterized by abnormal signaling within the
nervous system, resulting in persistent and often intense sensations of pain. It can arise from …