The execution and learning of diverse movements involve neuronal networks distributed
throughout the nervous system. The brainstem and basal ganglia are key for processing …

Inhibitory control is a fundamental mechanism underlying flexible behavior and features in
theories across many areas of cognitive and psychological science. However, whereas …

This paper presents Integrated Information Theory (IIT) 4.0. IIT aims to account for the
properties of experience in physical (operational) terms. It identifies the essential properties …

Animals make predictions to guide their behavior and update those predictions through
experience. Transient increases in dopamine (DA) are thought to be critical signals for …

One intrinsic yet critical issue that troubles the field of fluorescence microscopy ever since its
introduction is the unmatched resolution in the lateral and axial directions (ie, resolution …

The external globus pallidus (GPe) of the basal ganglia has been underappreciated owing
to poor understanding of its cells and circuits. It was assumed that the GPe consisted of a …

The neocortex is a complex neurobiological system with many interacting regions. How
these regions work together to subserve flexible behavior and cognition has become …

Differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult in practical psychiatric settings, in terms of using
the current diagnostic system based on presenting symptoms and signs. The creation of a …

Striosomes form neurochemically specialized compartments of the striatum embedded in a
large matrix made up of modules called matrisomes. Striosome-matrix architecture is …

The interconnected nuclei of the ventral basal ganglia have long been identified as key
regulators of motivated behavior, and dysfunction of this circuit is strongly implicated in …