Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system. Microglia possess
varied morphologies and functions. Under normal physiological conditions, microglia mainly …

Microglia are ramified cells that exhibit highly motile processes, which continuously survey
the brain parenchyma and react to any insult to the CNS homeostasis. Although microglia …

The main function of the lung is to perform gas exchange while maintaining lung
homeostasis despite environmental pathogenic and non-pathogenic elements contained in …

In order to better understand the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease (PD) it is important to
consider possible contributory factors inherent to the aging process, as age-related changes …

The retina is an immune privileged tissue, which is protected from external and internal
insults by its blood-retina barriers and immune suppressive microenvironment. Apart from …

The continuous crosstalk between microglia and neurons is required for microglia
housekeeping functions and contributes to brain homeostasis. Through these exchanges …

The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling cascade has been implicating in a broad range of
biological processes, including inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis …

Aging is characterized by the progressive decline of physiological function and tissue
homeostasis leading to increased vulnerability, degeneration, and death. Aging‐related …

Dopamine is one of the neurotransmitters whose transmission is altered in a number of
neural pathways in the brain of schizophrenic patients. Current evidence indicates that these …

Microglia are considered to be the resident macrophages of the CNS and main effector of
immune brain function. Due to their essential role in the regulation of neuroinflammatory …