Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is a noninvasive ultrasound (US) study used to measure
cerebral blood flow velocity (CBF‐V) in the major intracranial arteries. It involves use of low …

In the past few decades, imaging has been developed to a high level of sophistication.
Improvements from one-dimension (1D) to 2D images, and from 2D images to 3D models …

Abstract ASCO phenotyping (A: atherosclerosis; S: small-vessel disease; C: cardiac
pathology; O: other causes) assigns a degree of likelihood of causal relationship to every …

Background The risk of stroke associated with carotid artery restenosis after stenting or
endarterectomy is unclear. We aimed to compare the long-term risk of restenosis after these …

Ultrasound (US) imaging is an exquisite tool for the non-invasive and real-time diagnosis of
many different diseases. In this context, US contrast agents can improve lesion delineation …

Background There is uncertainty around which patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis
should be offered surgical intervention. Although stroke rates were unrelated to the degree …

This paper gives a review of the most important methods for blood velocity vector flow
imaging (VFI) for conventional sequential data acquisition. This includes multibeam …

Cardioaortic embolism to the brain accounts for approximately 15–30% of ischaemic strokes
and is often referred to as 'cardioembolic stroke'. One-quarter of patients have more than …

Carotid ultrasonography is useful for the assessments of the risk stratification for stroke or
coronary artery disease, because it is a simple, repeatable, and noninvasive procedure. The …

Background and Purpose—Four-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging
enables quantification of blood flow rate (BFR; mL/min) in multiple cerebral arteries …