Songbirds are capable of learning their vocalizations by copying a singing adult. This vocal
learning ability requires juveniles to hear and memorize the sound of the adult song, and …

Besides their slow genomic actions, estrogens also induce rapid physiological responses.
To be functionally relevant, these effects must be associated with rapid changes in local …

It was assumed for a long time that sex steroids are activating reproductive behaviors by the
same mechanisms that produce their morphological and physiological effects in the …

The modulation of brain function and behavior by steroid hormones was classically
associated with their secretion by peripheral endocrine glands. The discovery that the brain …

Classically, estrogens regulate male sexual behavior through effects initiated in the nucleus.
However, neuroestrogens, ie, estrogens locally produced in the brain, can act within minutes …

Like Darwin's tangled bank of biodiversity, the endocrine mechanisms that give rise to
phenotypic diversity also exhibit nearly endless forms. This tangled bank of mechanistic …

The caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens core and shell are important striatal brain
regions for premotor, limbic, habit formation, reward, and other critical cognitive functions …

The ovaries are often thought of as the main and only source of estrogens involved in the
regulation of female behavior. However, aromatase, the key enzyme for estrogen synthesis …

Background Gonadal and stress-related steroid hormones are known to influence auditory
function across vertebrates but the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for …

Abstract Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. Sex steroid hormones act
during early development to shape the circuitry upon which these same hormones act in …