Songbirds have emerged as exceptional research subjects for helping us appreciate and
understand estrogen synthesis and function in brain. In the context of recognizing the …

Auditory processing and hearing-related pathologies are heavily influenced by steroid
hormones in a variety of vertebrate species, including humans. The hormone estradiol has …

We determined total Purkinje cell (PC) numbers in cerebella of wild-type (+/+) and
heterozygous (rl/+) reeler mice of either sex during early postnatal development; in parallel …

Neuroestrogens are synthesized within the brain and regulate social behavior, learning and
memory, and cognition. In song sparrows, Melospiza melodia, 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) …

Estradiol acts as a neuromodulator in brain regions important for cognition and sensory
processing. Estradiol also shapes brain sex differences but rarely have these concepts been …

The genome of the white‐throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) contains an inversion
polymorphism on chromosome 2 that is linked to predictable variation in a suite of …

Abstract The Challenge Hypothesis was developed to explain why and how regulatory
mechanisms underlying patterns of testosterone secretion vary so much across species and …

Within the CNS of vertebrates, estrogens can directly modulate neural circuits that govern a
wide range of behaviors, including feeding, spatial navigation, reproduction, and auditory …

Across taxa, individuals must respond to a dynamic social environment of challenges and
opportunities on multiple biological levels, including behavior, hormone profiles, and gene …

Estrogen synthesis and signaling in the brains of vertebrates has pleotropic effects ranging
from neurogenesis to modulation of behaviors. The majority of studies on brain‐derived …