Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins cause the neuroparalytic syndromes of tetanus and
botulism, respectively, by delivering inside different types of neurons, metalloproteases …

The article presents a lecture on the molecular machinery of synaptic neurotransmitter
release. It discusses the speed of synaptic transmission of neurotransmitters, the molecular …

Background and objective A wide range of adjunct therapies after botulinum toxin
administration have been proposed. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview …

The first edition of this book, Chemical Warfare Agents: Toxicity at Low Levels, was
published just prior to the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001. Reflecting a greater …

Here we provide behavioural evidence for an axonal transport and the central origin of the
antinociceptive effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). In rats we investigated the …

Clostridium is a broad genus of anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped, Gram-positive
bacteria that can be found in different environments all around the world. The genus …

We investigated antinociceptive activity of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in a model of
diabetic neuropathic pain in rats. Male Wistar rats were made diabetic by a single …

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which cause the deadly neuroparalytic disease, botulism, is
the most toxic substance known to man. BoNT can be used as potential bioterrorism agents …

Research is on-going to identify new methods of biostimulation to increase the effect of
botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the treatment of spasticity. The Spasticity treated by …

Background: Previous studies have explored the efficacy and safety of botulinum neurotoxin
(BoNT) treatment for Focal hand dystonia (FHD), but none have followed a large number of …