Mammalian cells express a variety of innate immune proteins—known as restriction factors—
which defend against invading retroviruses such as HIV-1. Two members of the tripartite …

Vertebrate immune systems suppress viral infection using both innate restriction factors and
adaptive immunity. Viruses mutate to escape these defenses, driving hosts to counterevolve …

ABSTRACT Myxovirus resistance 2 (Mx2/MxB) has recently been uncovered as an effector
of the anti-HIV-1 activity of type I interferons (IFNs) that inhibits HIV-1 at an early stage …

The HIV-1 capsid, a conical shell encasing viral nucleoprotein complexes, is involved in
multiple post-entry processes during viral replication. Many host factors can directly bind to …

Bunyaviruses pose a significant threat to human health, prosperity, and food security. In
response to viral infections, interferons (IFNs) upregulate the expression of hundreds of …

Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV), formerly known as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)
Indiana (VSVIND), is a model virus that is exceptionally sensitive to the inhibitory action of …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based lentiviral vectors are indispensable
tools for gene engineering in mammalian cells. Conversely, lentiviral vector transduction is …

Recent evidence indicates that inhibition of HIV-1 integrase (IN) binding to the viral RNA
genome by allosteric integrase inhibitors (ALLINIs) or through mutations within IN yields …

Infectious diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although the host
multitropism of some pathogens has rendered their manipulation possible in animal models …

During retroviral infection, viral capsids are subject to restriction by the cellular factor
TRIM5α. Here, we show that dendritic cells (DCs) derived from human and non-human …