Synthetic polymers have been an integral part of modern society since the early 1960s.
Besides their most well-known applications to the public, such as packaging, construction …

This review provides a report on the properties and recent advances in the application of
chitosan and chitosan-based materials in cosmetics. Chitosan is a polysaccharide that can …

Three-dimensional hydrogel-based organ-like cultures can be applied to study
development, regeneration, and disease in vitro. However, the control of engineered …

Three-dimensional (3D) printing and 3D bioprinting are promising technologies for a broad
range of healthcare applications from frontier regenerative medicine and tissue engineering …

Gradient scaffolds are isotropic/anisotropic three-dimensional structures with gradual
transitions in geometry, density, porosity, stiffness, etc., that mimic the biological extracellular …

Engineered nanostructures are materials with promising properties, enabled by precise
design and fabrication, as well as size-dependent effects. Biomedical applications of …

Electrically conductive bio-scaffolds are explored in the field of tissue engineering (TE) as a
solution to address the clinical need of electroactive tissues, finding applications in nervous …

Neural tissue engineering (NTE) has made remarkable strides in recent years and holds
great promise for treating several devastating neurological disorders. Selecting optimal …

Essentially cell forming and vigorous conjunctive tissues such as skin, joints, ligaments, and
bones are expressed as fibril forming the most abundant protein collagen in the human body …

Hydrogels as scaffolds in tissue engineering have gained increasing attention in recent
years. Natural hydrogels, eg, collagen or fibrin, are limited by their weak mechanical …