The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies
since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, microbiota can be classified into …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that
infects patients with cystic fibrosis, burn wounds, immunodeficiency, chronic obstructive …

Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a major public health threat. The
emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment or clinical …

Bacteria form a highly complex ecosystem in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In recent years,
mounting evidence has shown that bacteria can release nanoscale phospholipid bilayer …

Cancer represents a serious concern for human life and health. Due to drug resistance and
the easy metastasis of tumors, there is urgent need to develop new cancer treatment …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical, bilayered, and nanosized membrane
vesicles that are secreted from gram-negative bacteria. OMVs play a pivotal role in …

Bacterial survival during antibiotic exposure is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. On
top of antibiotic resistance genes, biofilm formation, and persister tolerance, bacterial …

Cancer immunotherapy, which harnesses the immune system to fight cancer, has begun to
make a breakthrough in clinical applications. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the bridge linking …

Many bacterial infections are major health problems worldwide, and treatment of many of
these infectious diseases is becoming increasingly difficult due to the development of …

The possible carrier role of Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) for small regulatory
noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) has recently been demonstrated. Nevertheless, to perform their …