Considering that female sexual hormones may modulate the inflammatory response and
also exhibit direct effects on the cells of the immune system, herein, we intend to discuss the …

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause for admission to the hospital
and contributes significantly to patient morbidity and healthcare cost. We present a review of …

Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) plays an important role in maintaining vascular tone. In
addition to Ca 2+-dependent myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, protein kinase C …

Hemorrhagic shock is a leading cause of death in trauma patients worldwide. Bleeding
control, maintenance of tissue oxygenation with fluid resuscitation, coagulation support, and …

Many male traits are well explained by sexual selection theory as adaptations to mating
competition and mate choice, whereas no unifying theory explains traits expressed more in …

Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) is currently the most studied infection biomarker and its
blood levels seem to mirror the severity of illness and outcome. PCT is widely used together …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder for which there are
no effective strategies to prevent or slow its progression. Because AD is multifactorial, recent …

Background Monocytes and macrophages are key innate immune effector cells that produce
cytokines and chemokines upon activation. We and others have shown that 17β-estradiol …

Introduction Little evidence suggest that female gender is associated with a lower risk of
mortality in severely injured patients, especially in premenopausal women. Previous clinical …

Patients surviving traumatic brain injury (TBI) face numerous neurological and
neuropsychological problems significantly affecting their quality of life. Extensive studies …