Immune checkpoint blockade, which blocks inhibitory signals of T cell activation, has shown
tremendous success in treating cancer, although success still remains limited to a fraction of …

IL-6 is involved both in immune responses and in inflammation, hematopoiesis, bone
metabolism and embryonic development. IL-6 plays roles in chronic inflammation (closely …

In cancer patients, dendritic cells (DCs) in tumor-draining lymph nodes can present antigens
to naive T cells in ways that break immunological tolerance. The clonally expanded progeny …

Several immune and immunocompetent cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages,
adipocytes, natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells, are significantly correlated with the …

Our recently published research on the characterization of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)
pathogenesis in swine, identified a systemic upregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) during the …

Several studies have shown that interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine with both
pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity, depending on the immune response …

Since the molecular cloning of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in 1986, many other cytokines have been
found to share the same signal transducer, gp130, in their receptor complexes. Thus, the IL …

Janus kinase/signal transduction and transcription activation (JAK/STAT) pathways were
originally thought to be intracellular signaling pathways that mediate cytokine signals in …

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells, uniquely able to induce naïve
T cell activation and effector differentiation. They are, likewise, involved in the induction and …

Among all cells, fibroblasts could be considered the cockroaches of the human body. They
survive severe stress that is usually lethal to all other cells, and they are the only normal cell …