The glymphatic system is a recently discovered macroscopic waste clearance system that
utilizes a unique system of perivascular tunnels, formed by astroglial cells, to promote …

The present review draws together wide-ranging studies performed over the last decades
that catalogue the effects of artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) upon living species and their …

Virtually every eukaryotic cell has an endogenous circadian clock and a biological sex.
These cell-based clocks have been conceptualized as oscillators whose phase can be reset …

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), site of the primary clock in the circadian rhythm system,
has three major afferent connections. The most important consists of a retinohypothalamic …

The gonadal steroids estradiol and progesterone exert critical suppressive and stimulatory
actions upon the brain to control gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release that …

The environment which living organisms inhabit is not constant and many factors, such as
light, temperature, and food availability, display cyclic and predictable variations. To adapt to …

Abstract Aim Glucocorticoids (GCs), steroid hormones synthetized by the adrenal gland, are
regulated by circadian cycles, and dysregulation of GC signaling can lead to the …

Rhythmic events in the female reproductive system depend on the coordinated and
synchronized activity of multiple neuroendocrine and endocrine tissues. This coordination is …

Compelling reasons to study the role of sex in the circadian system include the higher rates
of sleep disorders in women than in men and evidence that sex steroids modulate circadian …

Opportunities for restorative sleep and optimal sleep-wake schedules are becoming luxuries
in industrialized cultures, yet accumulating research has revealed multiple adverse health …