OBJECTIVE Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) accounts for a relatively small
portion of strokes but has the potential to cause permanent neurological deficits. Vasospasm …

Background Intrathecal drug delivery has a significant role in pain management and central
nervous system (CNS) disease therapeutics. A fluid-physics based tool to assist clinicians in …

Background The spinal subarachnoid space (SSS) has a complex 3D fluid-filled geometry
with multiple levels of anatomic complexity, the most salient features being the spinal cord …

Objective The comparison of the efficiency of shunt placement and endoscopic third
ventriculostomy (ETV) in treating of adult hydrocephalus patients with various intensities and …

This study aimed to find a new CSF hydrodynamic index to assess Chiari type I malformation
(CM-I) patients' conditions and examine the relationship of this new index with morphometric …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics are thought to play a vital role in central nervous system
(CNS) physiology. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of spinal cord …

Background: Traditionally, there is a widely held belief that drug dispersion after intrathecal
(IT) delivery is confined locally near the injection site. We posit that high-volume infusions …

Objective: It is commonly believed that in intrathecal (IT) drug delivery, agent distribution is
confined to a narrow region close to the injection site, thereby undermining the efficacy of …

Intrathecal administration is an important mode for delivering biological agents targeting
central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, current clinical practices lack a sound …

The movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is linked to the cardiovascular and respiratory
systems. The heart not only drives blood flow but is also at the origin of CSF pulsation …