The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing the
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has ravaged the world with over 72 million total …

Immunosenescence contributes to a decreased capacity of the immune system to respond
effectively to infections or vaccines in the elderly. The full extent of the biological changes …

The natural process of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is
characterized by high viral load, immune cell exhaustion, and immunodeficiency, which …

Due to the advent of antiretroviral therapy HIV is no longer a terminal disease and the HIV
infected patients are becoming increasingly older. While this is a major success, with …

Important determinants of risk perceptions associated with foods are the extent to which the
potential hazards are perceived to have technological or naturally occurring origins, together …

During the last 2 years, the entire world has been severely devastated by the severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic (COVID-19) as it resulted in …

Introduction Smallpox has been eradicated but advances in synthetic biology have
increased the risk of its re-emergence. Residual immunity in individuals who were …

Immune responses are a double-edged sword. Effective and appropriate immune responses
capable of controlling viral infection while also largely preserving tissue integrity, are critical …

Elderly organisms are more susceptible to infectious diseases. However, the impact of aging
on antiparasitic mechanisms, especially the nitric oxide pathway, is poorly understood …

Aging is associated with a decline in natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cell
function that may contribute to increased susceptibility to malignancy and infection. A …