Patients with cardiovascular disease show autonomic dysfunction, including sympathetic
activation and vagal withdrawal, which leads to fatal events. This review aims to place …

Clinical consequences of heart failure are fatigue, dyspnea, and progressive impairment of
exercise tolerance. Regular exercise training is associated with health-improving effects. In …

Chronic heart failure is often associated with sympathoexcitation and blunted arterial
baroreflex function. These phenomena have been causally linked to elevated central ANG II …

It is generally held that the role of a specific control element can only be understood within
its physiological environment. The reviewed studies make it clear that there is a potent …

Neurohumoral activation has been recognized as one of the hallmarks in the compensatory
response during the development of chronic heart failure (CHF), whatever its origin. 1–4 A …

The past decade has witnessed rapid progress in defining neural circuits and mechanisms
in the brain, responsible for regulation of the sympathetic nerve activity and cardiovascular …

Much of the current pharmacological therapy for chronic heart failure targets neurohormonal
activation. In spite of recent advances in drug therapy, the mortality rate for chronic heart …

One of the hallmarks of chronic congestive heart failure is an increase in sympathetic tone to
the peripheral circulation and to the heart. A correlation between plasma norepinephrine …

Background—In a previous study, we showed that simvastatin (SIM) therapy normalized
sympathetic outflow and cardiovascular reflex regulation in chronic heart failure (CHF) …

Background—Autonomic abnormalities exist in heart failure and contribute to disease
progression. Activation of the carotid sinus baroreflex (CSB) has been shown to reduce …