Hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver; it can be acute or chronic. In chronic cases,
the prolonged inflammation gradually damages the liver, resulting in liver fibrosis, cirrhosis …

The liver is a vital organ that functions to detoxify the body. Liver cancer and infectious
diseases such as influenza and malaria can fatally compromise liver function. mRNA …

More than one hundred herpesviruses have been isolated from different species so far, with
nine infecting humans. Infections with herpesviruses are characterized by life-long latency …

Abstract Like tuberculosis and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis B is
a globally recognized major public health threat. Although there are many small-molecule …

Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB)—caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis—accounts for
approximately 10 million infections and 1.5 million deaths each year (Table 1). 1 In the …

As of June 22, 2022, 920 probable cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology had
been reported in 33 countries. 1 The numbers of reported cases were the highest in the …

Background: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is the most severe form of male infertility.
Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying NOA pathology have not yet been …

Liver disease represents a significant global burden, placing individuals at a heightened risk
of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. Viral infections act as a primary cause of liver …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer envelopes that encapsulate cell-specific cargo,
rendering them promising biomarkers for diverse diseases. Chagas disease, caused by the …

A granuloma is a discrete collection of activated macrophages and other inflammatory cells.
Hepatic granulomas can be a manifestation of localized liver disease or be a part of a …