Intercellular tight junctions represent a formidable barrier against paracellular drug
absorption at epithelia (eg, nasal, intestinal) and the endothelium (eg, blood–brain barrier) …

Intestinal permeation enhancers (PEs) are one of the most widely tested strategies to
improve oral delivery of therapeutic peptides. This article assesses the intestinal permeation …

Since the first attempt to administer insulin orally in humans more than 90 years ago, the oral
delivery of macromolecular drugs (> 1000 g/mol) has been rather disappointing. Although …

Salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) and sodium caprate (C10) are two of the most advanced
intestinal permeation enhancers (PEs) that have been tested in clinical trials for oral delivery …

The development of oral dosage forms that allows absorption of therapeutic peptides to the
systemic circulation is one of the greatest challenges for the pharmaceutical industry …

This article is aimed to overview the lipid-based nanostructures designed so far for the oral
administration of peptides and proteins, and to analyze the influence of their composition …

For decades, the development of peptides as potential drugs was aimed solely at peptides
with the highest affinity, receptor selectivity, or stability against enzymatic degradation …

The application of permeation enhancers (PEs) to improve transport of poorly absorbed
active pharmaceutical ingredients across the intestinal epithelium is a widely tested …

The use of chemical permeation enhancers (PEs) is the most widely tested approach to
improve oral absorption of low permeability active agents, as represented by peptides …

Objectives The chronic and progressive nature of diabetes is usually associated with micro-
and macrovascular complications where failure of pancreatic β-cell function and a general …