Extensively revised and updated, this second edition of the bestselling Handbook of
Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents goes well beyond thedirty thirty commonly …

The development of refractory status epilepticus (SE) induced by sarin intoxication presents
a therapeutic challenge. In our current research we evaluate the efficacy of a delayed …

Incapacitating agents are chemical weapons that produce a temporary disabling condition
that persists for hours or days after exposure. Their main site of action is the central nervous …

Current oxime therapies do not readily cross the blood–brain barrier to reactivate
organophosphorus nerve agent-inhibited cholinesterase (ChE) within the CNS. We …

Commercial gas chromatograph-mass spectrometers, one of which being Inficon's
HAPSITE® ER, have demonstrated chemical detection and identification of nerve agents (G …

Background Repeated use of chemical irritants for crowd-control by local and federal law
enforcement during sustained racial justice protests in the US has raised concerns about …

This study examined whether pro-2-PAM, a pro-drug dihydropyridine derivative of the oxime
2-pralidoxime (2-PAM) that can penetrate the brain, could prevent or reverse the central …

Chemicals have been used in warfare since ancient times. The first large-scale use of
chemicals occurred during World War I. Among the agents used were chlorine and sulfur …

The potential use of 'pharmaceuticals' has been identified by civilian law enforcement
agencies, and counter-terrorism responders, as a threat that fills the gap between physical …

Background Sarin is an irreversible organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor. Following
toxic signs, an extensive long-term brain damage is often reported. Thus, we evaluated the …