While bee–angiosperm mutualisms are widely recognized as foundational partnerships that
have shaped the diversity and structure of terrestrial ecosystems, these ancient mutualisms …

Accumulating reports of global bee declines have drawn much attention to the bee
microbiota and its importance. Most research has focused on social bees, while solitary …

Stingless bees are a diverse group with a relevant role in pollinating native species. Its diet
is rich in carbohydrates and proteins, by collecting pollen and nectar supplies the …

Pathogenic fungi have been used worldwide to control crop pests and are assumed to pose
negligible threats to the survival of pollinators. Although eusocial stingless bees provide …

Environmental pollution is composed of several factors, namely particulate matter (PM2. 5,
PM10), ozone and Ultra Violet (UV) rays among others and first and the most exposed tissue …

Social insects establish complex interactions with microorganisms, some of which play
defensive roles in colony protection. The important role of pollinators such as the stingless …

Symbiotic interactions between microorganisms and social insects have been described as
crucial for the maintenance of these multitrophic systems, as observed for the stingless bee …

The use of fungal-based biopesticides to reduce pest damage and protect crop quality is
often considered a low-risk control strategy. Nevertheless, risk assessment of …

Solitary bees are subject to a variety of pressures that cause severe population declines.
Currently, habitat loss, temperature shifts, agrochemical exposure, and new parasites are …

The Brazilian stingless bee Scaptotrigona depilis requires the brood cells-associated fungus
Zygosaccharomyces sp. as steroid source for metamorphosis. Besides the presence of …