BACKGROUND Although spontaneous miscarriage is the most common complication of
human pregnancy, potential contributing factors are not fully understood. Advanced …

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to characterize the relationship
between smoking and miscarriage. We searched the PubMed database (1956–August 31 …

• In this guideline, recurrent miscarriage has been defined as three or more first trimester
miscarriages. However, clinicians are encouraged to use their clinical discretion to …

OBJECTIVES. In a population-based case-control study, we investigated the association
between congenital heart defects and maternal smoking. METHODS. The National Birth …

Cannabis remains one of the world's most widely used substance of abuse amongst
pregnant women. Trends of the last 50 years show an increase in popularity in child-bearing …

Introduction Despite advances in tobacco dependence treatment in the past two decades,
progress has been inconsistent and slow. This paper reviews pervasive methodological …

Background. 10‐20% of pregnancies end due to spontaneous abortions. In recent years,
nondocumentary evidence has been indicative of an increase in the prevalence of …

Background Globally, preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal and under-five children
mortality. Sub-Saharan African (SSA) accounts for the majority of preterm birth and death …

It is well known that smoking during pregnancy can affect offspring health. Prenatal tobacco
exposure has been associated with negative behavioral and cognitive outcomes in …

Background Maternal smoking is still a major public health problem posing the risk of
several negative health outcomes for both the pregnant woman and her offspring. The …