Introduction Antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings has expanded in the last
decade, reaching> 8 million individuals and reducing AIDS mortality and morbidity …

Abstract Background In sub-Saharan Africa, 25.5 million people are living with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), representing 70% of the global total. The need for second-line …

Objective: Characterize failure and resistance above and below guidelines-recommended
1000 copies/ml virologic threshold, upon second-line failure. Design: Cross-sectional study …

Objectives To analyze the patterns and risk factors of HIV drug resistance mutations among
patients failing second-line treatment and to describe early treatment responses to …

Objective Limited data are available from the developing world on antiretroviral drug
resistance in HIV-1 infected children failing protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy …

An estimated 1.5 million Kenyans are HIV-seropositive, with 1.1 million on antiretroviral
therapy (ART), with the majority of them unaware of their drug resistance status. In this study …

Background To date, antiretroviral therapy (ART) guidelines and programs in resource-
limited settings (RLS) have focused on 1st-and 2nd-line (2 L) therapy. As programs …

Global scale-up of antiretroviral treatment has dramatically changed the prospects of
HIV/AIDS disease, rendering life-long chronic care and treatment a reality for millions of HIV …

Background The decision about whether to switch to third-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in
patients with treatment failure on second-line therapy is difficult in settings with little access …

Increased HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) with antiretroviral therapy (ART) rollout may
jeopardize therapeutic options, especially in this era of transition to fixed-dose tenofovir …