Abstract Organs-on-chips (OoCs), also known as microphysiological systems or 'tissue
chips'(the terms are synonymous), have attracted substantial interest in recent years owing …

Most cancer biologists still rely on conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture
techniques to test in vitro anti-tumor drugs prior to in vivo testing. However, the vast majority …

One of the problems that has slowed the development and approval of new anticancer
therapies is the lack of preclinical models that can be used to identify key molecular, cellular …

Three‐dimensional cell culture models, such as spheroids, can be used in the process of the
development of new anticancer agents because they are able to closely mimic the main …

Microfluidic chip technology is an emerging tool in the field of biomedical application.
Microfluidic chip includes a set of groves or microchannels that are engraved on different …

Multicellular cancer spheroids (MCSs) have emerged as a promising in vitro model that
replicates many features of solid tumors in vivo. Biomimetic hydrogel scaffolds for MCS …

Over the past decade, immunotherapy has become a powerful and evident tool in the fight
against cancers. Notably, the rise of checkpoint blockade using monoclonal antibodies (anti …

Hydrogels are a series of soft and wet materials with three dimensions of crosslinked
networks. Hydrogels have attracted great attention due to their diverse functional properties …

The development of 3D in vitro models capable of recapitulating native tumor
microenvironments could improve the translatability of potential anticancer drugs and …

The field of microfluidics-based three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system is rapidly
progressing from academic proof-of-concept studies to valid solutions to real-world …