Drug development is a lengthy and costly process that proceeds through several stages
from target identification to lead discovery and optimization, preclinical validation and …

In vitro tumor models have provided important tools for cancer research and serve as low-
cost screening platforms for drug therapies; however, cancer recurrence remains largely …

The potential of a spheroid tumor model composed of cells in different proliferative and
metabolic states for the development of new anticancer strategies has been amply …

Compared with traditional 2D adherent cell culture, 3D spheroidal cell aggregates, or
spheroids, are regarded as more physiological, and this technique has been exploited in the …

Multicellular spheroids are three dimensional in vitro microscale tissue analogs. The current
article examines the suitability of spheroids as an in vitro platform for testing drug delivery …

The minimal structural unit of a solid tumor is a single cell or a cellular compartment such as
the nucleus. A closer look inside the cells reveals that there are functional compartments or …

The present article highlights the rationale, potential and flexibility of tumor spheroid mono-
and cocultures for implementation into state of the art anti-cancer therapy test platforms …

Introduction: Developing in vitro models for studying cell biology and cell physiology is of
great importance to the fields of biotechnology, cancer research, drug discovery, toxicity …

Although used in academic research for several decades, 3D culture models have long
been regarded expensive, cumbersome and unnecessary in drug development processes …

Novel microfluidic tools allow new ways to manufacture and test drug delivery systems.
Organ-on-a-chip systems—microscale recapitulations of complex organ functions—promise …